Ephesus is famous as one of the largest and most important ancient cities of the Mediterranean, renowned for its impressive ruins, historical significance, and role as a major commercial, religious, and cultural center in antiquity[1]. Its location allowed it to flourish as a trade hub between East and West, which, along with its proximity to the Aegean Sea and major land routes, attracted many empires and civilizations throughout history[1].
Among the key reasons for Ephesus’s fame are:
- The Temple of Artemis: Ephesus was home to the Temple of Artemis, one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World, which made it a focal point for religious pilgrimage and drew visitors and worshippers from around the Mediterranean[2].
- Roman Imperial Capital: Ephesus became the capital of the Roman province of Asia in 133 BCE and was, at its height, the second-largest city of the Roman Empire after Rome itself, known for its grand monuments such as the Library of Celsus, the Great Theatre, temples, and the Agora[2][7].
- Early Christian Center: Ephesus played a crucial role in early Christianity—the Apostle Paul preached there, and the Book of Ephesians in the New Testament is addressed to its people. The city is also associated with John the Apostle and considered a possible final resting place of Mary, mother of Jesus[3][7].
- Archaeological Site: Ephesus is considered one of the best-preserved classical cities, continuously revealing new insights through archaeological excavations. Its relatively undisturbed ruins enable visitors to walk among streets, temples, houses, and theaters from over two millennia ago[6][8].
- Cultural and Historical Continuity: The city shows a rich history of continuous settlement from the Neolithic period through Hellenistic, Roman, Byzantine, Selçuk, and Ottoman times, evidenced by successive layers of architecture and monuments[2].